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Table 6 OLS results for Woodcock-Johnson passage comprehension (WJ-PC)

From: Using a social-ecological framework to examine the cognitive development of elementary school children in the U.S.

Variables

B(SE)

b

95% CI

Individual Level

   

Sex (boy)

   

girl

2.75*(1.22)

0.08*

[0.36, 5.14]

Race (White)

   

African American

-1.23(2.07)

-0.04

[-5.37, 2.77]

Hispanic

-1.32(2.24)

-0.03

[-5.73, 3.08]

Other

-1.04(3.80)

-0.01

[-8.50, 6.43]

Family Level

   

Mother’s age

-0.13(0.12)

-0.04

[-0.37, 0.11]

Household income

2.72(0.00)

0.04

[0.00, 0.00]

Mother’s marital status (married)

   

separated

-5.68(5.63)

-0.04

[-16.73, 5.38]

divorced

-7.20(9.92)

-0.03

[-26.68, 12.28]

cohabiting

-0.14(1.78)

-0.00

[-3.64, 3.36]

Romantic not living together

-2.14(1.94)

-0.06

[-5.95, 1.66]

Not romantic

-1.25(2.50)

-0.02

[-6.36, 6.82]

Mother’s depression (no)

   

Yes

-1.42(1.52)

-0.03

[-4.36, 1.61]

Mother’s educational level (less than high school)

   

High school or equivalent

0.42(1.80)

0.01

[-3.12, 3.96]

Some college teaching

2.26(1.60)

0.07

[-0.89, 5.40]

College or graduate

5.90*(2.73)

0.09*

[0.54, 11.26]

Communiy/Environmental Level

   

School type (public)

   

School with a magnet program

0.23(3.36)

0.00

[-6.34, 6.822]

School of choice

3.75(2.12)

0.06

[-0.40, 7.90]

School neighborhood with crime (a big problem)

   

Somewhat problem

1.34(1.49)

0.04

[-1.58, 4.26]

No problem

4.42**(1.71)

0.12**

[1.07, 7.77]

Government assistance (no)

   

Yes

-1.42(1.52)

-0.3

[-4.52, 1.68]

Constant

98.05***(16.86)

 

[64.95, 131.15]

  1. Note. OLS = ordinary least squares; reference categories are indicated in parentheses. B = unstandardized coefficient, SE = standard error, b = standardized coefficient, CI = 95% confidence interval. * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001